{"id":5644,"date":"2013-09-16T21:51:51","date_gmt":"2013-09-16T18:51:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yenirehberlik.com\/?p=5644"},"modified":"2013-09-16T21:54:22","modified_gmt":"2013-09-16T18:54:22","slug":"zihinsel-yetersizligin-tanimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yenirehberlik.com\/arsiv\/zihinsel-yetersizligin-tanimi.html","title":{"rendered":"Zihinsel Yetersizli\u011fin Tan\u0131m\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u00d6zel e\u011fitime gereksinim duyan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir oran\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan zihin engelli \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 tan\u0131mlayan tek bir tan\u0131m olmamakla birlikte alan yaz\u0131nda kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f farkl\u0131 baz\u0131 tan\u0131mlar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan tan\u0131mlara bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n sadece zeka testleriyle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen zeka b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda sosyal uyum, dil geli\u015fimi, sa\u011fl\u0131k vb. Y\u00f6nlerinin de dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde zihinsel yetersizlik tan\u0131mlar\u0131nda uzla\u015fman\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131nda kurulu\u015fu 1920\u2019lere dayanan Amerika Zihinsel ve Geli\u015fimsel Yetersizlikler Derne\u011fi\u2019nin (American Assocation on \u0130ntellectual and Developmental Disabilities Mental Reterdaion- AAIDD) \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. 1959 y\u0131l\u0131nda AAIDD bu alandaki tan\u0131m karma\u015fas\u0131na son vermek ve yeni bir tan\u0131m olu\u015fturabilmek i\u00e7in bir komite kurmu\u015ftur. Komite 1973 y\u0131l\u0131nda Grosman\u2019\u0131n yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu tan\u0131m\u0131 kabul etmi\u015ftir. Grosman, zihinsel yetersizli\u011fi; geli\u015fim d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7erisinde genel zihinsel i\u015flevlerde \u00f6nemli derecede normal alt\u0131, bunun yan\u0131nda uyumsal davran\u0131\u015flarda yetersizlik g\u00f6sterme durumu olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

AAIDD\u2019nin daha sonra yeniden d\u00fczenledi\u011fi tan\u0131mlarda \u00fc temel \u00f6zellik bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar;<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Zihinsel i\u015flevler: AAIDD\u2019nin 2002 tan\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re zihinsel yetersizlik, zihinsel i\u015flevlerde \u00f6nemli derecede normalin alt\u0131nda olma olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Zihinsel yetersizli\u011finin belirlenmesinde zeka testlerinin yararlan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. E\u011fer standart bir zeka testi kullanacak olursak, ortalama puan\u0131n\u0131 siki standart sapma a\u015fa\u011f\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan grup zihinsel yetersizli\u011fi olan bireyleri tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r. AAIDD\u2019nin 2002 tan\u0131m\u0131nda zeka b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc 70 ve alt\u0131nda yer alma yani (-2) standart sapma alt\u0131nda yer alma zihinsel i\u015flerde normalin alt\u0131nda kalmay\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/li>\n
  2. Uyumsal Davran\u0131\u015flar: AAIDD\u2019nin 2002 tan\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re uyumsal davran\u0131\u015flar insanlar\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famda i\u015flevde bulunmak i\u00e7in \u00f6\u011frendikleri kavramsal, sosyal ve pratik beceriler toplam\u0131d\u0131r. Uyumsal davran\u0131\u015flar geli\u015ftirilen uyumsal beceri \u00f6l\u00e7ekleriyle de\u011ferlendirilir. Pratik uyumsal davran\u0131\u015flar (\u00f6rnek; yemek yeme, giyinme ), kavramsal uyumsal davran\u0131\u015flar (\u00f6rnek; okuma-yazma) ve sosyal uyumsal davran\u0131\u015flar(\u00f6rnek; kurallara uyma) gibi davran\u0131\u015flardan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  3. Destek sistemleri: AAIDD\u2019nin 1992 y\u00f6nergesinde gereksinim duyulan destek miktar\u0131na g\u00f6re yeni bir s\u0131n\u0131flama sistemi \u00f6nerilmektedir. Bu yeni sistem zihinsel engellili\u011fin tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131nda ve gruplanmas\u0131nda zeka b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden daha az damgalay\u0131c\u0131 bir sisteme ge\u00e7i\u015fi temsil etmektedir. Gereksinim duyulan destekler disiplinler aras\u0131 bir ekip taraf\u0131ndan d\u00f6rt d\u00fczeye g\u00f6re tan\u0131mlanmakta ve s\u0131n\u0131rlanmaktad\u0131r. Bireyin gereksinim duyabilece\u011fi destek miktar\u0131 aral\u0131kl\u0131 destek, s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 destek, yo\u011fun destek ve yayg\u0131n destek olmak \u00fczere d\u00f6rt grupta toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u00d6zel e\u011fitime gereksinim duyan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir oran\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan zihin engelli \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 tan\u0131mlayan tek bir tan\u0131m olmamakla birlikte alan yaz\u0131nda kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f farkl\u0131 baz\u0131 tan\u0131mlar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan tan\u0131mlara bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n sadece zeka testleriyle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen zeka b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda sosyal uyum, dil geli\u015fimi, sa\u011fl\u0131k vb. Y\u00f6nlerinin de dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde zihinsel yetersizlik […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[491],"tags":[497,496],"class_list":["post-5644","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilgi","tag-bilgi-2","tag-zihinsel-yetersizlik"],"yoast_head":"\nZihinsel Yetersizli\u011fin Tan\u0131m\u0131 -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/yenirehberlik.com\/arsiv\/zihinsel-yetersizligin-tanimi.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Zihinsel Yetersizli\u011fin Tan\u0131m\u0131 -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"  \u00d6zel e\u011fitime gereksinim duyan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir oran\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan zihin engelli \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 tan\u0131mlayan tek bir tan\u0131m olmamakla birlikte alan yaz\u0131nda kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f farkl\u0131 baz\u0131 tan\u0131mlar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan tan\u0131mlara bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n sadece zeka testleriyle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen zeka b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda sosyal uyum, dil geli\u015fimi, sa\u011fl\u0131k vb. Y\u00f6nlerinin de dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. 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